导读： 1。）R&TTE:（ Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive）,无线电及通讯终端指令。 出口欧盟的无线遥控产品、通讯产品，必须符合R＆TTE指令（无线电及通讯
1。）R&TTE:（ Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive）,无线电及通讯终端指令。
出口欧盟的无线遥控产品、通讯产品，必须符合R＆TTE指令（无线电及通讯终端指令）-1999/5/EC要求。
R＆TTE指令所包括的产品有：
1、短距离无线遥控产品（SRD） 例如：遥控玩具汽车、遥控报警系统、遥控门铃、遥控开关、遥控鼠标、键盘等。
2、专业无线电遥控产品（PMR） 例如：专业无线对讲机、无线麦克风等。 有绳 *** 、传真、MODEM、 *** 答录机、小总机（PABX）、无绳 *** CTO、CT1、CT1+…、 ISDN（数字 *** 产品） 、DECT（增强型数字无绳 *** ） 、 G *** 、CDMA…
3、蓝牙产品 例如：蓝牙耳机。 2。）FCC认证介绍，又称为美国联邦通信认证，FCC（Federal Communications Commission）是美国联邦通信委员会）于1934年由COMMUNICATIONACT建立是美国 *** 的一个独立机构，直接对国会负责。FCC通过控制无线电广播、电视、电信、卫星和电缆来协调国内和国际的通信。涉及美国50多个州、哥伦比亚以及美国所属地区，为确保与生命财产有关的无线电和电线通信产品的安全性，FCC的工程技术部（Office of Engineering and Technology）负责委员会的技术支持，同时负责设备认可方面的事务。许多无线电应用产品、通讯产品和数字产品要进入美国市场，都要求FCC的认可。FCC委员会调查和研究产品安全性的各个阶段以找出解决问题的更好 *** ，同时FCC也包括无线电装置、航空器的检测等等3。）ASTM前身是国际材料试验协会（International Association for Testing Materials, IATM）。19世纪80年代，为解决采购商与供货商在购销工业材料过程中产生的意见和分歧，有人提出建立技术委员会制度，由技术委员会组织各方面的代表参加技术座谈会，讨论解决有关材料规范、试验程序等方面的争议问题。IATM首次会议于1882年在欧洲召开，会上组成了工作委员会。当时，主要是研究解决钢铁和其它材料的试验 *** 问题。同时，国际材料试验协会还鼓励各国组织分会。随后，在1898年6月16日，有70名IATM会员聚集在美国费城，开会成立国际材料试验协会美国分会。1902年在国际材料试验协会分会第五届年会上，宣告美国分会正式独立，取名为美国材料试验学会（American Society for Testing Materials）。随着其业务范围的不断扩大和发展，学会的工作中心不仅仅是研究和制定材料规范和试验 *** 标准，还包括各种材料、产品、系统、服务项目的特点和性能标准，以及试验 *** 、程序等标准。1961年该组织又将其名称改为延用至今的美国材料与试验协会（American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM）。
ASTM是美国最老、更大的非盈利性的标准学术团体之一。经过一个世纪的发展，ASTM现有33669个（个人和团体）会员，其中有22396个主要委员会会员在其各个委员会中担任技术专家工作。ASTM的技术委员会下共设有2004个技术分委员会。有105817个单位参加了ASTM标准的制定工作，主要任务是制定材料、产品、系统、和服务等领域的特性和性能标准，试验 *** 和程序标准，促进有关知识的发展和推广。4。）RoHS是由欧盟立法制定的一项强制性标准，它的全称是《关于限制在电子电器设备中使用某些有害成分的指令》(Restriction of Hazardous Substances)。该标准将于2006年7月1日开始正式实施，主要用于规范电子电气产品的材料及工艺标准，使之更加有利于人体健康及环境保护。该标准的目的在于消除电机电子产品中的铅、汞、镉、六价铬、多溴联苯和多溴联苯醚共6项物质，并重点规定了铅的含量不能超过01%。其中涉及到的铅主要出处有以下几类。
欧盟RoHS和WEEE指令的基本内容
欧盟议会及欧盟委员会于2003年2月13日在其《官方公报》上发布了《废旧电子电气》设备指令（简称《WEEE指令》）和《电子电气功设备中限制使用某些有害物质指令》（简称《RoHS指令》）
《RoHS指令》和《WEEE指令》规定纳入有害物质限制管理和报废回收管理的有十大类102种产品，前七类产品都是我国主要的出口电器产品。包括大型家用电器、小型家用电器、信息和通讯设备、消费类产品、照明设备、电气电子工具、玩具、休闲和运动设备、医用设备（被植入或被感染的产品除外）、监测和控制仪器、自动售卖机。
RoHS指令限制使用以下六类有害物质
1 水银（汞） 使用该物质的例子：温控器、传感器、开关和继电器、灯泡
2 铅 使用该物质的例子：焊料、玻璃、PVC稳定剂
3 镉 使用该物质的例子：开关、弹簧、连接器、外壳和PCB、触头、电池
4 铬（六价） 使用该物质的例子：金属附腐蚀涂层
5 多溴联苯（PBB）使用该物质的例子： 阻燃剂，PCB、连接器、塑料外壳
6 多溴二苯醚（PBDE） 使用该物质的例子：阻燃剂，PCB、连接器、塑料外壳
测试原则:
根据欧盟WEEE&RoHS指令要求，AOV是将产品根据材质进行拆分，以不同的材质分别进行有害物质的检测。一般来说：
•金属材质需测试四种有害金属元素如（Cd镉/Pb铅/Hg汞/Cr6+六价铬）
•塑胶材质除了检查这四种有害重金属元素外还需检测溴化阻燃剂（多溴联苯PBB/多溴联笨醚PBDE）
•同时对不同材质的包装材料也需要分别进行包装材料重金属的测试（94/62/EEC）
以下是RoHS中对六种有害物规定的上限浓度：
镉：小于100ppm
铅：小于1000ppm
钢合金中小于2500ppm
铝合金中小于4000ppm
铜合金中小于40000ppm
汞：小于1000ppm
六价铬：小于1000ppm
推出RoHS的原因
首次注意到电气、电子设备中含有对人体健康有害的重金属是2000年荷兰在一批市场销售的游戏机的电缆中发现镉。事实上，电气电子产品在生产中目前大量使用的焊锡、包装箱印刷的油墨都含有铅等有害重金属。
编辑本段何时实施RoHS
欧盟将在2006年7月1日实施RoHS，届时使用或含有重金属以及多溴二苯醚PBDE，多溴联苯PBB等阻燃剂的电气电子产品将不允许进入欧盟市场
编辑本段RoHS具体涉及那些产品
RoHS针对所有生产过程中以及原材料中可能含有上述六种有害物质的电气电子产品，主要包括：白家电，如电冰箱，洗衣机，微波炉，空调，吸尘器，热水器等，黑家电，如音频、视频产品，DVD，CD，电视接收机，IT产品，数码产品，通信产品等；电动工具，电动电子玩具医疗电气设备
编辑本段目前RoHS进展情况
一些大公司已经注意到RoHS并开始采取应对措施，如SONY公司的数码照相机已经在包装盒上声明：本产品采用无铅焊接；采用无铅油墨印刷。
信息产业部2004年也出台了《电子信息产品污染防治管理办法》内容与RoHS类似，并于十月份成立了“电子信息产品污染防治标准工作组”，研究和建立符合我国国情的电子信息产品污染防治标准体系；开展与电子信息产品污染防治有关的标准研究和制修订工作，特别是加快制定产业急需的材料、工艺、名词术语、测试 *** 和试验 *** 等基础标准。
编辑本段RoHS对我国电子产业的影响
根据中国电器工业协会的最新数据，2004年一季度，我国机电产品出口在我国出口中所占比重达55％。而欧盟已经成为中国机电产品出口的主要市S捎谥泄��袒繁＠砟詈凸ひ账�降穆浜螅琑oHS指令使得将近270亿美元的中国机电产品面临欧盟的环保壁垒。
中国 *** 一直在给以密切关注和研究对策，国务院专门责成信息产业部负责针对欧盟环保指令的研究和应对工作。信息产业部根据《清洁生产促进法》和《固体废物污染环境防治法》等有关法规制定的《电子信息产品污染防治管理办法》已经完成，并于2005年1月1日起施行。
《电子信息产品污染防治管理办法》规定，自2006年7月1日起，列入电子信息产品污染重点防治目录中的电子信息产品中不得含有铅、汞、镉、六价铬、聚合溴化联苯乙醚和聚合溴化联苯及其他有毒有害物质。对于2006年7月1日以前的一段时间，中国 *** 要求电子信息产品制造商们实行有毒有害物质的减量化生产措施，并积极寻找可替代品。
同时，一个名为“电子信息产品污染防治标准工作组”的机构也已经开始筹备成立，该机构的主要任务是研究和建立符合中国国情的电子信息产品污染防治标准，开展与电子信息产品污染防治有关的标准研究和制定工作，特别是加快制定急需的材料、工艺、测试 *** 和实验 *** 的基础标准。
编辑本段RoHS指令实施的意义
有害物质限用指令 (RoHS) 的生效期限 (2006年7月) 已经到来，这是全球电子工业界都知道的事实。RoHS指令无疑对环境有益，但对制造商、经销商和用户来说，却是个增加成本和资源的昂贵任务。费用的增加与努力确认和掌控RoHS的需求息息相关，并包罗从技术到库存管理、预测、部件编号管理、信息沟通和文件编制等范畴。
库存预测和管理
预测是一件微妙而复杂的事情，不管是否有新的法律法规的指引。比如：利用第三方组装厂的半导体制造商必须对基板、引线框架和模塑混合物等原材料进行准确的预测。为了确保这种预测的准确性，半导体公司必须了解用户的需求，包括RoHS指令的豁免清单。
伴随着半导体公司新产品的不断推出，预测也变得越来越复杂，因为大多数新产品都会受到RoHS指令的影响。于是由此引发了一个问题：如果新产品是在 2006年7月期限之前发布，那么是先制造出符合RoHS指令的封装件，还是先制造出含铅的产品呢？当然，供应商可以追溯自己的原材料进行预测，但是这样做更加困难，因为没有任何现成的历史数据或现有的用户群可以作为有效的参考。
基板等原材料产品都有一定的有效期限，这进一步增加了预测和库存管理的复杂性。如果对这些材料的用量估算过高并且即将达到有效期限，这些材料就要进行重新测试或完全报废。不管哪一种方式，都会造成制造商在时间和金钱上的资源浪费。反之，如果原材料的估量过低，生产周期便会延长，从而会延长的客户交付周期。
经过反复的比较，半导体公司往往从组装厂商那里预定较多的原材料以确保供应，这是因为追加材料将需要很长的交付时间。不过，这也并不是没有代价。过量预定可能引起供不应求，导致价格上涨，甚至延长供应商的交付周期。
要预测用户什么时候需要最终符合RoHS指令的器件和哪些产品，是极其困难的事，加上受到RoHS指令影响的用户也在以不同的步伐进行过渡，这就使得预测难上加难。假如用户在没有通知制造商的情况下突然从标准产品转向符合RoHS指令的器件，特别是在供应商一直制造标准产品以维持该用户的需求时，制造商的库存一定会出错。同样地，假如用户改用符合RoHS指令器件的步伐不像分销商预料的那样快，又或者该用户得到了RoHS豁免，库存就会搁置在货架上并最终作为库存周转退回给制造商。
对于那些豁免执行指令的用户，一些半导体公司将采取继续供应符合RoHS指令以及标准含铅的器件。特别是在决定支持两种器件的情况下，库存量还会增加。如果用户采用合约制造商 (CM) 的话就必然会给分销商带来难题。通常，分销商会通过销售渠道向CM供货，如果不符合RoHS指令的材料正在销售渠道上传递，而CM在事先未有警告的情况下改用符合RoHS指令的器件，就会出现符合RoHS指令器件的库存短缺。此外，如果分销商手头上有过多的标准元件，也很有可能退回给制造商。
我们可以这样理解，分销商和制造商一样都会严防产品库存过量的问题。过量的库存牵涉的问题会对未结存货的天数造成很大困扰，从而增加制造商的库存成本并有可能削减库存的帐面价值。而且，一旦资金滞留在错误的库存量上，制造商便难以给用户制造其他产品了。那么底线在哪里？就是对用户、分销商和制造商从含铅器件转换到符合RoHS指令器件的清晰时间表和计划，这是准确的库存预测的关键。
部件编号和产品标识
制造商的部件编号处理对电子行业中各个与RoHS相关业务的影响几乎比其他因素还要巨大。有些制造商正在尝试更改他们的部件编号，以区分符合和不符合 RoHS指令的产品，但这有可能造成双重库存问题；其他制造商则使用日期代码或修改版次来区分符合和不符合RoHS指令的产品。至于制造商应如何命名符合 RoHS指令的器件，现阶段尚无标准可循，所以行业采用的标识 *** 五花八门，使得问题更加复杂。
区别如下：
行货手机采用国标需要通过中国3C认证，所以背面有3C标志及中文标示。港版采用欧标需要CE标志及WEEE（垃圾桶）标志，另外包含美国FCC及欧洲R&TTE认证标志。以上只是在没有换过后盖的前提下。
国行和港版的区别：
先来说说港版，从字面意思就可以知道这是专门面对香港市场的手机版本，消费群体主要是香港人。再来说说国行，即中国行货，主要面对中国内地市场。两者之一的区别就在于联保服务，国行有全国联保，而港版是还没有全国联保的。这很好理解，比方说，我在香港买了一部港版苹果手机，来到大陆一不小心坏了，想要修好手机是一个十分麻烦的过程，必须要带上发票或者其他的证明资料才可以。港版联保服务不完善的确是它一个比较严重的问题，会给用户带来不便。
除此之外，两个版本还有 *** 制式上的区别，国行跟现在其他很多国产手机一样，都支持全网通，但是港版的话是不可以的，电信2G和3G都不在它的支持范围之内，这也是让人比较遗憾的，尤其是广大的电信用户。
除了上面说到的联保服务和 *** 制式，国行和港版价格上也存在区别，差距还不小。因为很多港版在进入大陆市场的时候是不用交税的，所以港版的售价普遍比国行要低。这是十分直观的一个差距，对于一部分消费者来说也是一个吸引的点，因此，很多内地的用户会选择港版而非国行，原因就一个——便宜。
其实吧，不管是国行还是港版，都是苹果手机，性能方面也不存在什么差别，只不过联保服务、 *** 制式以及价格这几方面有些不同而已。如果是喜欢方便的话就选择国行版，售后服务更顺心，更快捷；如果把所有因素都纳入考虑，那港版会更好一点，价格就有很大优势。特别是广大的移动和联通用户，如果要买iPhoneX的话，相比国行，更加推荐港版，但是电信的用户就不可以了。
拓展内容：
3C认证
3C认证的全称为“强制性产品认证制度”，它是中国 *** 为保护消费者人身安全和国家安全、加强产品质量管理、依照法律法规实施的一种产品合格评定制度。所谓3C认证，就是中国强制性产品认证制度，英文名称China Compulsory Certification，英文缩写CCC。
CCC认证标志强制认证标志
WEEE
WEEE即Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive (2002/96/EC)
报废的电子电气设备，在指令75/442/EEC中对"waste"作出了详细的定义，在指令91/156/EEC中对其进行了修改。报废实际上是针对WEEE指令中附件Ⅰ中所有类别的产品，即使该产品并无达到使用寿命结束的阶段，只要被消费者丢弃都视为废弃物。
《上帝保佑美国》百度网盘高清资源免费在线观看
gj21
《上帝保佑美国》是由博卡·格德斯维特执导，乔尔·默里、塔拉·琳恩·巴尔主演的喜剧犯罪片，于2012年5月11日在美国上映。
该片讲述了一个离婚的男人和一个女高中生，由于对世界的愤怒，展开了一场遍及整个美国的杀戮任务的故事。
Dear Cindy
I always go shopping ,play computer games and do my homework And I feel relaxed But these weeends I am very busy I have to clean do my homework ,of course,I started about an hour ago ,but I have not finished Then I have to take my dog for a walk ,water my mom's plants and clean my room I have not done any of things yet because my grangfather came to chat with me He loves talking and l lovelistening to him I hope l have a really excited weekend
Love
ZhangCheng
The United States of America, usually referred to as the United States, the USA, the US or America, is a constitutional federal republic comprising fifty states and a federal district The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, DC, the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait, and the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific The country also possesses several territories, or insular areas, scattered around the Caribbean and Pacific
At 379 million square miles (983 million km²) and with more than 300 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and third largest by land area and by population The United States is one of the world's most ethnically diverse nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries[7] The US economy is the largest national economy in the world, with a nominal 2006 gross domestic product (GDP) of more than US$13 trillion (over 25% of the world total based on nominal GDP and almost 20% by purchasing power parity)[4][8]
The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard On July 4, 1776, they jointly issued the Declaration of Independence, which officially declared their independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union as a new nation The rebellion was organized by the Continental Congress and succeeded in defeating Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of independence[9] After briefly being governed by the Articles of Confederation it became clear that a more powerful central government was needed It was formed after a constitutional convention and the current United States Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787 The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments that guaranteed many fundamental civil rights and freedoms under the new government, was ratified in 1791
In the nineteenth century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over states' rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of legal slavery in the United States However, the Jim Crow laws passed after reconstruction allowed raci *** and inequality to persist
The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the nation's status as a military power In 1945, the United States emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO In the post–Cold War era, the United States is the only remaining superpower—accounting for approximately 50% of global military spending—and a dominant economic, political, and cultural force in the world
History
Main article: History of the United States
Native Americans and European settlers
Main articles: Native Americans in the United States, European colonization of the Americas, and Thirteen Colonies
The indigenous peoples of the US mainland, including Alaska Natives, are thought to have migrated from Asia They began arriving at least 12,000 and as many as 40,000 years ago[26] Several indigenous communities in the pre-Columbian era developed advanced agriculture, grand architecture, and state-level societies In 1492, Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus, under contract to the Spanish crown, reached several Caribbean islands, making first contact with the indigenous population In the years that followed, the majority of the indigenous American peoples were killed by epidemics of Eurasian diseases[27]
The Mayflower transported Pilgrims to the New World in 1620, as depicted in William Halsall's The Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor, 1882On April 2, 1513, Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León landed on what he called "La Florida"—the first documented European arrival on what would become the US mainland Of the colonies Spain established in the region, only St Augustine, founded in 1565, remains Later Spanish settlements in the present-day southwestern United States drew thousands through Mexico French fur traders established outposts of New France around the Great Lakes; France eventually claimed much of the North American interior as far south as the Gulf of Mexico The first successful English settlements were the Virginia Colony in Jamestown in 1607 and the Pilgrims' Plymouth Colony in 1620 The 1628 chartering of the Massachusetts Bay Colony resulted in a wave of migration; by 1634, New England had been settled by some 10,000 Puritans Between the late 1610s and the American Revolution, an estimated 50,000 convicts were shipped to England's, and later Great Britain's, American colonies[28] Beginning in 1614, the Dutch established settlements along the lower Hudson River, including New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island The *** all settlement of New Sweden, founded along the Delaware River in 1638, was taken over by the Dutch in 1655
By 1674, English forces had won the former Dutch colonies in the Anglo–Dutch Wars; the province of New Netherland was renamed New York Many new immigrants, especially to the South, were indentured servants—some two-thirds of all Virginia immigrants between 1630 and 1680[29] By the turn of the century, African slaves were becoming the primary source of bonded labor With the 1729 division of the Carolinas and the 1732 colonization of Georgia, the thirteen British colonies that would become the United States of America were established All had active local and colonial governments with elections open to most free men, with a growing devotion to the ancient rights of Englishmen and a sense of self government that stimulated support for republicani *** All had legalized the African slave trade With high birth rates, low death rates, and steady immigration, the colonies doubled in population every twenty-five years The Christian revivalist movement of the 1730s and 1740s known as the Great Awakening fueled interest in both religion and religious liberty In the French and Indian War, British forces seized Canada from the French, but the francophone population remained politically isolated from the southern colonies By 1770, those thirteen colonies had an increasingly Anglicized population of three million, approximately half that of Britain Though subject to British taxation, they were given no representation in the Parliament of Great Britain
History
Main article: History of the United States
Native Americans and European settlers
Main articles: Native Americans in the United States, European colonization of the Americas, and Thirteen Colonies
The indigenous peoples of the US mainland, including Alaska Natives, are thought to have migrated from Asia They began arriving at least 12,000 and as many as 40,000 years ago[26] Several indigenous communities in the pre-Columbian era developed advanced agriculture, grand architecture, and state-level societies In 1492, Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus, under contract to the Spanish crown, reached several Caribbean islands, making first contact with the indigenous population In the years that followed, the majority of the indigenous American peoples were killed by epidemics of Eurasian diseases[27]
The Mayflower transported Pilgrims to the New World in 1620, as depicted in William Halsall's The Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor, 1882On April 2, 1513, Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León landed on what he called "La Florida"—the first documented European arrival on what would become the US mainland Of the colonies Spain established in the region, only St Augustine, founded in 1565, remains Later Spanish settlements in the present-day southwestern United States drew thousands through Mexico French fur traders established outposts of New France around the Great Lakes; France eventually claimed much of the North American interior as far south as the Gulf of Mexico The first successful English settlements were the Virginia Colony in Jamestown in 1607 and the Pilgrims' Plymouth Colony in 1620 The 1628 chartering of the Massachusetts Bay Colony resulted in a wave of migration; by 1634, New England had been settled by some 10,000 Puritans Between the late 1610s and the American Revolution, an estimated 50,000 convicts were shipped to England's, and later Great Britain's, American colonies[28] Beginning in 1614, the Dutch established settlements along the lower Hudson River, including New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island The *** all settlement of New Sweden, founded along the Delaware River in 1638, was taken over by the Dutch in 1655
By 1674, English forces had won the former Dutch colonies in the Anglo–Dutch Wars; the province of New Netherland was renamed New York Many new immigrants, especially to the South, were indentured servants—some two-thirds of all Virginia immigrants between 1630 and 1680[29] By the turn of the century, African slaves were becoming the primary source of bonded labor With the 1729 division of the Carolinas and the 1732 colonization of Georgia, the thirteen British colonies that would become the United States of America were established All had active local and colonial governments with elections open to most free men, with a growing devotion to the ancient rights of Englishmen and a sense of self government that stimulated support for republicani *** All had legalized the African slave trade With high birth rates, low death rates, and steady immigration, the colonies doubled in population every twenty-five years The Christian revivalist movement of the 1730s and 1740s known as the Great Awakening fueled interest in both religion and religious liberty In the French and Indian War, British forces seized Canada from the French, but the francophone population remained politically isolated from the southern colonies By 1770, those thirteen colonies had an increasingly Anglicized population of three million, approximately half that of Britain Though subject to British taxation, they were given no representation in the Parliament of Great Britain
Food
Main article: Cuisine of the United States
American cultural icons: apple pie, baseball, and the American flagMainstream American culinary arts are similar to those in other Western countries Wheat is the primary cereal grain Traditional American cuisine uses ingredients such as turkey, white-tailed deer venison, potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn, squash, and maple syrup, indigenous foods employed by Native Americans and early European settlers Slow-cooked pork and beef barbecue, crab cakes, potato chips, and chocolate chip cookies are distinctively American styles Soul food, developed by African slaves, is popular around the South and among many African Americans elsewhere Syncretic cuisines such as Louisiana creole, Cajun, and Tex-Mex are regionally important Characteristic dishes such as apple pie, fried chicken, pizza, hamburgers, and hot dogs derive from the recipes of various immigrants French fries, Mexican dishes such as burritos and tacos, and pasta dishes freely adapted from Italian sources are widely consumed[218] Americans generally prefer coffee to tea Marketing by US industries is largely responsible for making orange juice and milk ubiquitous breakfast beverages[219] During the 1980s and 1990s, Americans' caloric intake rose 24%;[218] frequent dining at fast food outlets is associated with what health officials call the American "obesity epidemic" Highly sweetened soft drinks are widely popular; sugared beverages account for 9% of the average American's caloric intake
美国大约有悠久的历史,并顺手能否成功一种可怕的障碍,但是,如果处理得当,就有可能成为驱动 forcewhen美国刚刚进入这样一个光辉的时期结束后,第二次大战后,它有一个 市场八次大于任何竞争对手,这使该行业的无与伦比的经济scaleits科学家获得了世界上更好的,它的工人 最skilledamerican和美国人的繁荣beyongd的梦想,欧洲人和亚洲人的economeics战争 摧毁 这是不可避免的,这至高无上要缩小与其他国家的增长richerjust所难免,退出predominace证明 painfulby八十年代,美国人发现自己在一个黄土对其衰落工业competitivenesssome庞大的美国工业,如 消费类电子产品,另一方面可以缩小或消失,在面对外来competitiongby1987年世界上只有一个美国电视makerleft,顶 (现 thereisnone:zenith是买southkorea'slgelectronics7) 外国制造的汽车和纺织品sweeeping传入国内marketamerica's 工具机业的ropesfor一阵子看起来仿佛makeing半导体,whidh美国不得不发明 而坐在位于新的电脑时代,将是下一步caualty 这一切引起了危机confidencamericansstoppedtakingprosperityofr理所当然 他们开始相信自己的路 做生意是失败的,而且,他们的收入将因此shourtly开始下降等 心带1980 一项调查后进入另一原因ofamerica的连绵declinethirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthe 越来越competitiong来自海外 怎么东西都变了! i1995美国能在回顾过去五年的经济增长势头,而日本已 strugglingfew美国人属性这种自我怀疑,取得了盲目的骄傲 "美国的工业已经改变了结构,已经持续了 饮食方面,也学会了更敏捷灵活,"据理查德cavanagh,行政院长哈佛"s肯尼迪 *** 学院 '这令我 骄傲的是,美国只是看看我们的企业正在改善theirproductivity,"斯蒂芬说,穆尔的卡托研究所 一个智库在华盛顿和威廉sahlman的哈佛商学院认为,人们在回顾这段 perido称为"黄金时代商业管理,在美国,"
亚马逊欧洲站的认证以及标志：
一：WEEE注册（报废的电子电气设备回收指令）
想必大多数德国站卖家都收到过亚马逊的小红旗，要求提供EAR 注册码，EAR注册码是个啥？与WEEE 又有何关系呢？ 原来WEEE注册，因官方机构叫European Authorised Representative，所以也叫EAR注册，他俩就是一个意思。 这个注册是用来回收电子电气产品本身的，所以您只要销售的产品中有带电的，就一定要注册WEEE（尤其是德国卖家），注册是以店铺为主体，WEEE一共有6大类，基本上的产品会在第5类（第5类是指小型电子电气设备：例如小夜灯，手电筒等灯具；小风扇，豆浆机等小家电；手表，电动牙刷等消费电子；摄像头，投影仪等数码产品；血压仪，温度计等医疗设备；电压测试仪，万用表等工具类产品 。）按类别注册，注册后这类产品都是可以通用这份注册证书一个公司注册一次就可以，后续如果要增加类别或品牌，可随时申请增加，自然年续费。
二：BattG注册
BattG注册也叫电池法注册，2009年6月的电池法案（BattG）用于实施欧洲指令2006/66 / EC，并规范德国电池制造商和分销商的法律义务。它还规定了废旧电池的收集和处理要求，并规定了作为电池处理的一部分必须遵守的回收率。这个注册是出货时带电池的产品都要注册的，电池法主要是负责回收电池的。
三： VerpackG注册
VerpackG注册也叫包装法注册， 德国新包装法是一个法律性强制法，强制生产商或是出售商，次销售产品含有包装，包括外部包装，终零售包装，饮食业所用的抛弃式容器/盛器，运送包装材料，公司都需要注册和认领许可证，包装法中强制出售商必须申报出售的包装材料，种类和重量。
在德国市场销售商品的企业，如果不能遵守德国新包装法，将面临高达5万欧元的罚款和销售禁令，这个注册是所有产品都要有的，因为包装法主要是负责这个产品包装材料的回收。
四：ProdSG注册
ProdSG就是产品安全法，ProdSG注册就是指欧代了，这个是根据欧洲产品安全法ProdSG 第6条规定，所有非欧洲公司在欧洲销售，必须需要有个欧洲 *** 人或进口商，所以只要您没有在当地注册公司并授权给现有店铺，都是需要注册备案的，如果没有注册，卖家可能会面临高达10万欧元的巨额罚款，如果没有进行申报，卖家可能会根据其销售重量罚以上万
大家赶紧把这些认证做好吧，规避风险，以免被亚马逊的突击搞得措手不及。
